The current chapter focuses on potential connections between music and speech rhythm processing. Music and speech share a remarkable number of qualities, including shared acoustic features, temporal and sequence processing, and hierarchical structure building. Studying music and speech rhythm processing together provides broader insights into perception and cognition than when studying each domain separately. This chapter will outline similarities and differences between music and speech rhythm in relation to (1) acoustic elements and their perceptual and cognitive processing; (2) correlational links between the processing of rhythm in both domains; and (3) experimental studies showing effects of music rhythm training on language skills. It will then open out to what these links can suggest for (4) clinical research, and (5) future perspectives for both fundamental and applied research.